Mitochondrial
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide implicated in metabolic homeostasis and exercise mimetic pathways.
- Half-life
- Not well characterised; estimated hours.
- Route
- Subcutaneous
Overview
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. It functions as a signalling molecule from mitochondria to the nucleus.
Mechanism of action
Activates AMPK, translocates to the nucleus during metabolic stress, upregulates antioxidant and glucose-handling genes, and improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Evidence base
Mouse studies show protection against diet-induced obesity, improved exercise capacity and extended healthspan. Circulating MOTS-c levels decline with age in humans; no phase 3 human trials to date.
Typical dosing
Research protocols commonly cite 5–10 mg subcutaneously 2–3 times weekly for 8–12 week cycles. Open the dose calculator →
Safety & contraindications
Human safety data limited to small early-phase work. No signal of significant toxicity in animal studies.
Related peptides
Educational reference only. Nothing on this page is medical advice, a prescription, or an offer to sell. Discuss any peptide therapy with a qualified clinician who can evaluate your history and monitoring needs.